Definition: Node in an electricity network.

Definition: Capacitor control.

Description: Capacior control is usually done to achieve as many as possible of the following goals: reduce losses due to reactive load current, reduce kVA demand, decrease customer energy consumption, improve voltage profile, and increase revenue. Indirectly capacitor control also results in longer equipment lifetimes because of reduced equipment stresses.

Definition: Co
ection box.

Description: Co
ection box protects and/or encloses electric circuits and equipment on the ground.

Definition: Power factor correcting equipment.

Description: Power distribution is more efficient if operated when the power factor (PF) is unity. An alternating voltage and the current causing it to flow should rise and fall in value equally and reverse direction at the same instant. When this happens, the two waves are said to be in phase and the power factor is unity (1.0). However, various inductive effects, such as idle ru
ing induction motors or transformers, can lower the power factor.

Definition: Delivery point.

Description: Point the electric power is being delivered to.

Definition: Dynamic protective device.

Description: In addition to opening when a fault is detected, dynamic protective devices also reclose to attempt to re-establish service. If the fault remains after a prescribed number of reclosings, the device may lock open the circuit. Reclosing is designed to reduce or eliminate the effects of temporary faults.\nNOTE It may include following subtypes: Circuit Breakers,\nFault Interrupter, Reclosers (Single Phase Hydraulic, etc.), and Sectionalizer

Definition: Fuse.

Description: Fuses are used to protect distribution devices from damaging currents. A fuse is an intentionally weakened spot in the electric circuit that opens the circuit at a predetermined current that is maintained for a predetermined amount of time. Fuses are not dynamic in that they remain open and do not reclose. By automatically interrupting the flow of electricity, a fuse prevents or limits damage caused by an overload or short circuit.

Definition: Generator.

Description: Generator is an alternative, third-party power source feeding into the electrical network.

Definition: Load tap changer.

Description: Load tap changer represents power transformer controls that change the primary to-secondary turns ratio of a transformer winding while the transformer is under load to regulate the flow of current and minimize voltage drop. Automatic loadtap changers in the power transformer provides voltage control on the substation bus. Control systems of voltage regulators and tap changing equipment beyond the substation usually have a line-drop compensator to simulate voltage drop between the substation and points in the distribution system.

Definition: Main station.

Description: Electric station represents a building or fenced-in enclosure that houses the equipment that switches and modifies the characteristics of energy from a generation source. Distribution systems include primary feeders (circuits), transformer banks, and secondary circuits (overhead or underground) that serve a specified area.

Definition: Net station.

Description: Net station.

Definition: Network protector.

Description: Network transformers co
ect to the secondary network through a network protector. Network protector components may be the circuit breaker, relays, backup fuses and controls required for automatically disco
ecting a transformer from the secondary network in response to predetermined conditions on primary feeder or transformer.

Definition: Open point.

Description: Open point contains information about a variety of insulated and shielded devices that co
ect high-voltage cables to apparatus, including transformers. Separable, load-break insulated co
ectors are used with primary bushings of submersible distribution transformers for safety. This is known as a dead-front configuration.

Definition: Primary meter.

Description: Primary meters are installed if commercial customers elect to have power delivered at distribution voltages, such as 12.5 kV. Residential customers are generally billed for kilowatt hours (kWH) used. Commercial and industrial customers may additionally be billed for demand charges and power factor charges.

Definition: Recloser electronic control.

Description: Reclosers and sectionalizers isolate temporary and permanent faults in electric lines. Reclosers open circuits (trip) in case of a fault, and reclose after a predetermined time. The time-current characteristic, usually expressed in a curve, is based on temperature and fuse tolerances and is used to coordinate recloser operations. Reclosers allow (usually) four trip operations to clear temporary faults.

Definition: Recloser hydraulic control.

Description: Recloser hydraulic control is an intregral part of single-phase reclosers. A trip coil in series with the line is used to sense overcurrent and trip open the recloser contacts. The contacts close after a preset interval.

Definition: Regulator control.

Description: Voltage provided by regulators is changed using a tap-changing switch to adjust the number of secondary windings. Line load can be regulated from 10 percent above to 10 percent below normal line voltage. Voltage regulators that control distribution system voltage are rated from 2.5 kV to 34.5 grd Y kV. Most feeder regulators have the 32-step design.

Definition: Relay control.

Description: Protective relay systems detect and isolate faults. Time-delayed phase and ground relays are coordinated with fuses and reclosers further out on the circuit. They are instantaneous units with inverse TCCs to coordinate with fuses and reclosers further downstream. Relays are usually set to trip feeder breakers and protect the fuse in the event of temporary faults beyond the fuse.

Definition: Sectionalizer electronic control.

Description: Sectionalizers are automatic circuit opening devices that are installed on the load side of fault-interrupting devices and count its fault-trip operations. Sectionalizers can be set to open after one, two, or three counts have been detected\nwith a predetermined time span. Sectionalizers are used in conjunction with fuses and reclosers and may have inrush current restraint features to prevent a false count when lines are re-energized.

Definition: Sectionalizer hydraulic control.

Description: Sectionalizer controls store a pulse counter when the minimum actuating current drops to zero because a fault is interrupted by the recloser (or other protective device). Sectionalizers operate in conjunction with breakers and reclosers to lock out fault current after a predetermined number (usually three) of recloser operations (trips).

Definition: Street light.

Description: A street light (or lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard) is a raised source of light on the edge of a road, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night.

Definition: Sub station.

Description: An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of an electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or the reverse using transformers. Electric power may flow through several substations between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps. A substation that has a step-up transformer increases the voltage while decreasing the current, while a step-down transformer decreases the voltage while increasing the current for domestic and commercial distribution.

Definition: Switch.

Description: A switch disco
ects circuits within the distribution

Definition: Transformer.

Description: network and can be manually or power operated. Switches are either open or closed. Switches are critical to the electric distribution system to allow current interruption to allow system maintenance, redirecting current in case of emergency, or to isolate system failures. Switches may be automated and controlled remotely through SCADA operation.

Definition: Voltage regulator.

Description: Transformers transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another circuit usually with changed values of voltage and current in the process.\nNOTE Subtypes include: Network, Single Phase Overhead, Single Phase Underground, Two Phase Overhead, Three Phase Overhead, Three Phase Underground, Step, and Power.

Definition: Detection Equipment

Description: Voltage regulators vary the ac supply or source voltage to the customer to maintain the voltage within desired limits. Voltage provided by regulators is changed using a tap-changing switch to adjust the number of secondary windings. Bypass switches allow a regulator to be removed for normal service without interrupting the downstream load.\nNOTE Subtypes include: Single Phase Overhead, Two Phase Overhead, Three Phase Overhead, Three Phase Pad-Mounted.

Definition: Monitoring And Control Equipment