| Value description |
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geological / hydrological
- [INSPIRE Code list value
geological / hydrological
]
Definition: Processes that have a geological (geosphere) or hydrological (hydrosphere) nature (or origin).
Description: Some of the processes here included are clearly addressed as geological in the scientific literature, such as volcanic hazards or earthquake hazards, whereas other processes ca
ot be understood without geological and hydrological input, such as certain types of landslides (that can be triggered and mobilised by water), or floods (highly dependent on soil infiltration properties, topography, water table fluctuations), etc.
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meteorological / climatological
- [INSPIRE Code list value
meteorological / climatological
]
Definition: Processes that have a meteorological (atmospheric) or climatic (changes in the long-run of environmental variables) nature (or origin).
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fires
- [INSPIRE Code list value
fires
]
Definition: This category includes all types of processes that involve the occurrence and spreading of fire.
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biological
- [INSPIRE Code list value
biological
]
Definition: Processes that are directly linked to living organisms or products produced by living organisms.
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landslide
- [INSPIRE Code list value
landslide
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: Processes of downhill slope movements of soil, rock, and organicMaterials related to different types of ground failure.
Description: Some common terms used for describing different types of landslides include but are not restricted to slides, rock fall, debris flow.
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earthquake
- [INSPIRE Code list value
earthquake
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: Earthquake hazards involve the propagation of elastic waves at or near the surface after the release of tectonic stress or other natural sources, such as volcanic explosions or meteorite impacts.
Description: Liquefaction, ground shaking and other effects directly caused by seismic waves should also be included in this category. Processes that might be triggered by other processes might fit best in other classes.
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subsidence and collapse
- [INSPIRE Code list value
subsidence and collapse
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: Subsidence and collapse involve mainly vertical downwards ground movement of the surface of the Earth due to different processes of rock or soil weathering or rock compaction to a point where the rock structure ca
ot bear its own load (collapse) or causing relatively slow downwards movements (subsidence).
Description: Subsidence and collapse can be associated with carbonate rocks in karstic areas, but it can occur in other regions such as loessic soils or compressible soils.
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tsunami
- [INSPIRE Code list value
tsunami
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: Long wave disruption in a large water body reaching emerged land.
Description: Tsunamis can be triggered by earthquakes, landslide, volcanic explosions, meteorites, etc. Even though it is a certain type of flood it is usually considered as a separated process.
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volcanic
- [INSPIRE Code list value
volcanic
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's crust that allows hot magma, ash and gases to escape.
Description: Process directly linked to volcanic eruptions are expected to be included in this category, such as lahars, jökulhaups, ash fall, volcanic explosions, freatic explosions, etc.
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extreme temperature
- [INSPIRE Code list value
extreme temperature
]
- (Parent:
meteorological / climatological
)
Definition: An abnormal temperature rise or decrease lasting longer than usual temperature rise or drop.
Description: Heat waves or cold waves.
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drought
- [INSPIRE Code list value
drought
]
- (Parent:
meteorological / climatological
)
Definition: Sustained and extensive occurrence of below-average water availability, caused by climate variability.
Description: Drought should not be confused with aridity, which is a long-term average feature of a dry climate. Likewise, drought should not be confused with water scarcity, which reflects conditions of long-term imbalances between water availability and demands. Droughts can affect both high and low rainfall areas of Europe and can develop over short periods of weeks and months or much longer periods of several seasons, years and even decades.
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lightning
- [INSPIRE Code list value
lightning
]
- (Parent:
meteorological / climatological
)
Definition: Discharge of atmospheric electricity.
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tornados, hurricanes and strong winds
- [INSPIRE Code list value
tornados, hurricanes and strong winds
]
- (Parent:
meteorological / climatological
)
Definition: Violent (high speed) winds.
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flood
- [INSPIRE Code list value
flood
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: Processes of inundation of usually dry (emerged) land, or temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water.
Description: Floods can be of many types (flash floods, river overflow, tidal floods), and can have many triggers (precipitation, natural water reservoir dam failure, river cha
el obstruction, etc). Tsunamis and a storm surges are usually considered as a different natural hazard.
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snow avalanche
- [INSPIRE Code list value
snow avalanche
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: A snow mass with typically a volume greater than 100 m3 and a minimum length of 50 meters that slides rapidly downhill.
Description: Snow avalanches usually incorporate materials swept along the path of the snow avalanche, such as trees, rocks, etc. Avalanche formation is the result of a complex interaction between terrain, snow pack and meteorological conditions
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toxic or radioactive
- [INSPIRE Code list value
toxic or radioactive
]
- (Parent:
geological / hydrological
)
Definition: Processes related to the nature of substances that might pose a threat to human health.
Description: Asbestos, natural radioactivity or gas emanation are some examples of hazards within this category
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storm surge
- [INSPIRE Code list value
storm surge
]
- (Parent:
meteorological / climatological
)
Definition: Water pushed from the sea onto the land caused by an atmospheric disruption such as a hurricane or a rapid change in atmospheric pressure.
Description: Although a storm surge is a kind of flood, it is usually considered as a separated class.
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epidemic
- [INSPIRE Code list value
epidemic
]
Definition: An outbreak of a disease that spreads rapidly among individuals in an area or population.
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cosmic
- [INSPIRE Code list value
cosmic
]
Definition: Processes from outer space.
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magnetic disruption
- [INSPIRE Code list value
magnetic disruption
]
- (Parent:
cosmic
)
Definition: Disturbances of the magnetic field of the Earth.
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solar and cosmic radiations
- [INSPIRE Code list value
solar and cosmic radiations
]
- (Parent:
cosmic
)
Definition: Radiation from outer space (UV, gamma ray, etc).
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allergens
- [INSPIRE Code list value
allergens
]
- (Parent:
biological
)
Definition: Biological products or substances (such as pollen) that might cause allergy over a large number of people.
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other geological / hydrological hazard
- [INSPIRE Code list value
other geological / hydrological hazard
]
Definition: Any process not already addressed within other geological or hydrological categories
Description: Sand dune movements, soil erosion, maelstroms, iceberg movements among other processes can be included here.
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other meteorological / climatological hazard
- [INSPIRE Code list value
other meteorological / climatological hazard
]
Definition: Any process not already addressed within other meteorological / Climatological categories
Description: Natural desertification can be included in this category.
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other biological hazards
- [INSPIRE Code list value
other biological hazards
]
Definition: Other biological hazards not already addressed within other biological categories
Description: Prions and other toxic substances produced by (or within) living organisms can be included here.
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other cosmic hazard
- [INSPIRE Code list value
other cosmic hazard
]
Definition: Other cosmic hazards not already addressed within other cosmic categories
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meteorite impact
- [INSPIRE Code list value
meteorite impact
]
- (Parent:
cosmic
)
Definition: Solid materials from outer space reaching the Earth.
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infestation
- [INSPIRE Code list value
infestation
]
- (Parent:
biological
)
Definition: Abnormal population increase of living organisms.
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underground fires
- [INSPIRE Code list value
underground fires
]
- (Parent:
fires
)
Definition: Fire spreading below the surface, typically occurring in peat rich soils.
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forest fires or wild fires
- [INSPIRE Code list value
forest fires or wild fires
]
- (Parent:
fires
)
Definition: Fire occurrence and spreading on vegetated land.
Description: Forest fire means fire which breaks out and spreads on forest and other wooded land or which breaks out on other land and spreads to forest and other wooded land. The definition of forest fire excludes prescribed or controlled burning, usually with the aim of reducing or eliminating the quantity of accumulated fuel on the ground (Regulation EC 2152/2003 - Forest Focus). Wildland Fire: Any fire occurring on wildland regardless of ignition sources, damages or benefits (FAO, 2011, Wildland Fire Management Terminology, FAO, updated September 2010).
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